91d437f0fb56cfb5b64de81b60bd6738

Source: http://www.gcn.com/print/27_14/46470-1.html#

Author: William Jackson

The Energy Department’s Energy Sciences Network is growing with increased bandwidth demands. The latest generation of the network, ESnet4, is a 100 gigabits/sec optical network; the department has projected that it would require 200 gigabits/sec by 2014.

The ESnet backbone is provided by Internet2 and Level 3 Communications, and its bandwidth is achieved by aggregating 10 gigabits/ sec optical channels. Increasing the size of the common interface can easily increase available bandwidth on existing fiber optic cable.

“Before they use up their capacity, we will be ready with the next generation technology,” said Randy Brogle, senior director of Level 3’s research and education division.

The next wave of interfaces will work at 40 gigabits/sec, and a number of commercial networks already are moving to that technology rather than bundling 10 gigabits/ sec channels.

“We’ve had a 40 gigabit capability since 2007,” said Paul Gainham, marketing director for Juniper Networks’ service provider division in Europe, Africa and the Middle East. “It’s a relatively new technology.”

In the United Kingdom, cable operator Virgin Media recently tested a 40 gigabits/ sec link between two major routing nodes on its Nortel optical network. “We provided a 40 gigabits/ sec interface at each end of the link.” Those interfaces are supported by Juniper T640 routers, the same routers used on Internet2, as well as the TX Matrix multiterabit routers.

In the United States, Verizon Business deployed 40 gigabits/sec router-to-router links last year, beginning with a Washington-to-Chicago Internet route and another route on the company’s Multiprotocol Label Switching network between Washington and New York City. Using a single 40 gigabits/sec channel rather than aggregated links provides better performance with less latency.

“For some, aggregating channels will continue to be a viable option,” Gainham said, but 40 gigabits/sec will become more attractive as the price for the technology comes down.

Not too far down the road, vendors expect to have 100 gigabits/sec interfaces, which will be able to provide 800 gigabits/sec in aggregated pipes. How long before 800 gigabits/sec is not enough? That’s difficult to say, said Rob Vietzke, executive director of network services for Internet2. “We’re interested in 40 [gigabits/ sec] and 100 [gigabits/sec] interfaces now.” Before that capacity reaches its limit, there will be a lot of work done with bandwidth management to expand the capacity of existing pipes.

Internet2 is a test bed network for new technologies and applications, and in many ways, it is growing in a different direction from the commercial Internet, said William Johnston, head of ESnet at DOE’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

“I believe that research and education networks will always have different characteristics than commercial networks,” he said.

I found this article published at PCMag and thought I should highlight some in red

Source > http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2704,2320619,00.asp
Author > John Brandon

Cloud computing is set to take over the world, or at least possibly replace Microsoft Outlook. The cloud concept is simple: It’s a way to access your data and apps from anywhere, via the Internet (or “the cloud”). Yet everyone from Gartner Group to Google has a slightly different take on cloud computing: It can be anything from storing and sharing documents on Google Docs to running your entire company operations using a remote, third-party data center. Some envision it as a way to compute without operating systems, or pesky local client programs, and with minimal hardware needs (just a basic client machine).

“The most important single characteristic of a cloud is abstraction of the hardware from the service,” says John Willis, a noted cloud-computing expert and blogger, explaining that the location of the servers is not as important as easy access to the data. “However you define it, I think cloud technology will have a footprint in every business that does IT within the next five years.”

The particular type of cloud computing that the business world could take advantage of requires massive server cluster farms and superfast network bandwidth. It also requires that companies be ready to hand over their data to a third party. A few small companies, among them Zoho.com (which offers business apps, such as word processing and task lists) and Box.net (which supplies online file storage) have established themselves as SaaS (software as a service) providers, with varying degrees of success. But SaaS is primarily a race between Google and Microsoft to provide advertiser-supported cloud applications to customers.

Security is one critical issue that both companies must address. Depending on the SaaS provider, data can be encrypted from point to point, and since services are Web-based, they’re very easy to patch. Google, for example, can respond to a new security threat without customers even being aware of the problem—or the fix. But end users essentially would have to entrust their data to an outside entity, which is a big leap of faith. Dave Girouard, a VP and general manager at Google, says that the company is working to allay the fears that make trust difficult to achieve.

“Google is investing enormous amounts of capital and sweat equity to ensure that we can protect your data better than you can do yourself,” he says. “Cloud computing will be additive. Usage patterns will change, and users will look primarily to the cloud for most of the things they turn to their PCs for today.”

Yet others aren’t as optimistic about cloud computing. Forrester Research analyst Frank Gillett cautions that it’s not quite ready for prime time. He says that the framework is in an early phase of development—it’s almost experimental, rather than a reliable and trusted computing paradigm.

Ironically, even though Google is battling to dominate the cloud, some of its apps, such as Google Earth, still cache a tremendous amount of data locally to speed up operations. Add to that the privacy, network bandwidth, and political hurdles yet to address, and it looks as if cloud computing will have to drop down to earth a bit more before it can enjoy widespread adoption by both consumers and businesses.

While I doing Web2.0 presentation in my company, I mention Tagging is heart of Web2.0. People used to ask me what tagging service could impact enterprise business and people’s life. I’d like to point this to Flickr, who introduced Tagging to Web2.0.

This simple URL shows the “tag cloud” in front of us. What do you see? What kind of information do you receive? Simple, eh? The bigger the font of tag is, the more popular such topic is. Go to http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/ then click around. Seems “family” is the most active tag used. Does it tell you what the majority people think or care?

Oh, and “party” one… If we compare “canon” and “nikon”, “canon” looks a little bolder than “nikon”. That indicates the pictures loaded in Flickr.com were mostly captured by Canon camera. Let’s look at “london” and “paris”, “london” is bigger, and even “paris” is a little bit bigger than “newyork”.

Go to Flickr.com and see by yourself. I have my photo gallery too, but without tag.

http://penguinsecurity.net/gallery

What happened about Titanic in year 1912? Let’s check it out

This image comes from http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/browser – a Times Machine service from NewYorkTimes. You could possibly browse a photocopy of newspaper of NewYorkTimes of any day during 1850 till 1920.

The storage could be in terabyte. Behind NewYorkTimes, Amazon introduces this technology architecture and makes this happen, by using it’s Simple Storage Services (S3) + Apache Hadoop on top of its own Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) . It’s known there are more than 405,000 jpeg or tiff files stored in this cloud environment.

It is a real commercial cloud computing service… Check the detail written by Derek Gottfrid

How does TimesMachine look like?

What is Hadoop? What technology is used? MapReduce

How does MapReduce work?

see the briefing information from Google > http://labs.google.com/papers/mapreduce.html

And a comprehensive tutorial > http://code.google.com/edu/parallel/mapreduce-tutorial.html

Source: http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia/…Web+services

The Web Services Protocol Stack UDDI is used to register and discover Web services, typically described in WSDL. The UDDI transactions use SOAP to talk to the UDDI server, and then the application uses SOAP to request the Web service. SOAP messages are actually delivered by HTTP and TCP/IP.

What is Social Tagging?

• Tags are user generated keywords that apply to content or people.
• Collectively, tags form clusters of knowledge highlighting what users are paying attention to.
• Popular topics and themes that bubble to the top.